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An analysis of variations and correlations between the physical properties of samaras of 11 maple species
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Authors: | Zdzisław Kaliniewicz1, Piotr Markowski1, Andrzej Anders1 1Department of Working Machines and Research Methodology University of Warmia and Mazury ul. M. Oczapowskiego 11, 10-736 Olsztyn |
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Abstract : | Information about the range of variation in the basic physical attributes of seeds and the presence of correlations between these attributes is essential for designing and modeling seed harvesting, processing and sowing operations. The aim of this study was to determine the range of variation in the basic physical properties of samaras of selected maple species and to identify correlations between these attributes for the needs of the seed sorting process. The terminal velocity, thickness, width, length and mass of samaras of 11 maple species and the thickness and mass of pericarps without wings were measured. The measured parameters were used to calculate the relative dimensions and the mass of samaras. The results were processed statistically by analysis of variance, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The average values of the evaluated parameters were determined in the following ranges: terminal velocity of samaras – from 3.71 to 8.65 m s–1, thickness of samaras – from 0.28 to 0.61 mm, width of samaras – from 5.91 to 13.00 mm, length of samaras – from 21.59 to 45.60 mm, mass of samaras – from 15.6 to 136.1 mg, pericarp thickness – from 1.31 to 6.38 mm, and pericarp mass – from 12.4 to 110.6 mg. The samaras of the analyzed maple species can be arranged in the following ascending order based on their mass: Tatarian maple, Henry’s maple, Père David’s maple, East Asian stripe maple, palmate maple, ash-leaved maple, field maple, sycamore maple, devil maple, vine maple and Norway maple. Maple seeds should be separated with the use of pneumatic separators and/or mesh sieves with longitudinal openings to produce fractions with similar samara mass and to promote germination uniformity. |
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Keywords : | seeds, properties, range of variation, correlations, sorting | ||||||||
Language : | polish |